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OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam versus valproic acid in the treatment of pediatric epilepsy， and to provide evidence-based reference. METHODS The databases including CNKI， VIP， China Biomedical Literature Database， Wanfang data， PubMed， Embase and Cochrane Library were searched for the RCTs about levetiracetam （trial group） and valproic acid （control group） were collected from the inception to October 1st， 2021. After literature screening and data extraction， the quality of included literature was evaluated using the bias risk assessment tool recommended by Cochrane system evaluator manual 5.1.0 and RevMan 5.3 software were used for meta-analysis， sensitivity analysis and bias risk analysis. RESULTS A total of 33 RCTs were included， involving 3 116 patients in total. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the effective rate of trial group was significantly higher than control group [RR＝1.06， 95%CI （1.02， 1.11）， P＝0.003]. The subgroup analysis according to different courses of treatment showed that there was no statistical significance in the effective rate between 2 groups after 1 and 3 months of treatment （P＞0.05）； after 6 months of treatment， the effective rate of trial group was significantly higher than that of control group （P＜0.05）. The incidence of adverse drug reaction in trial group was significantly lower than control group [RR＝0.50， 95%CI （0.41， 0.61）， P＜0.000 01]； among specific adverse drug reactions， the incidence of nausea and vomiting in trial group was significantly lower than control group （P＜0.05）； but there was no statistical significance in the incidence of rash， drowsiness， abnormal mood， loss of appetite， dizziness or headache （P＞0.05）. Results of sensitivity analysis showed that study results were stable and reliable. Results of publication bias analysis showed that there was little possibility of publication bias in this study. CONCLUSIONS The short-term efficacy （1， 3 months） of LEV is similar to that of VPA in the treatment of pediatric epilepsy， but long-term efficacy （6 months） of LEV is better than that of VPA； moreover， LEV shows better safety in digestive system.
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Epilepsy is a syndrome of brain dysfunction induced by the aberrant excitability of certain neurons. Despite advances in surgical technique and anti-epileptic drug in recent years, recurrent epileptic seizures remain intractable and lead to a serious morbidity in the world. The ketogenic diet (KD) is a nonpharmacologic treatment that has been used for refractory epilepsy since 1921. The KD is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and restricted protein diet, which is calculated and weighed for each individual patient. The goal of the KD treatment is to bring the brain into a state of ketosis to control seizures. Many studies have shown that ketogenic diet was very useful in controlling refractory epilepsy.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of UGT1A4142T>G polymorphism and blood concentration of valproic ac-id(VPA)on blood concentration of lamotrigine(LTG)in southern Chinese Han children with epilepsy,and to establish the predic-tion equation for quantitatively estimating blood concentration of LTG. METHODS:A total of 72 southern Chinese Han children with epilepsy selected from Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center during Jan. 2010-Sept. 2016 were given LTG+VPA. LC-MS/MS and enzyme amplified immunoassay were adopted to determine the blood concentration of LTG and VPA. RFLP-PCR was adopted to determine UGT1A4142T>G polymorphism. The relationships of age, gender, blood concentration of VPA, UGT1A4142T>G polymorphism and LTG concentration-to-dose-ratio (CDR) were also investigate. The prediction equation for blood concentration of LTG was established by multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS:Age and blood concentration of VPA were positively related to CDR of LTG(r=0.225,0.300,P0.05). UGT1A4 TT,TG and GG genotypes were detected in 39,29,and 4 cases respectively;the frequencies of each genotype were in line with the Har-dy-Weinberg balance(P>0.05). CDR of LTG of TT genotype was significantly lower than those of TG and GG genotype,with sta-tistical significance(PG polymorphism(x4)were all related to blood concentration of LTG(PG polymorphism may associated with blood concentration of LTG. Established prediction equation can provide reference for precise medication in south-ern Chinese Han children with epilepsy.
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Objective To explore the relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility to pediatric epilepsy.Methods BDNF polymorphisms in 128 patients with pediatric epilepsy and 132 healthy controls were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction restriction and fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).Results There were significant differences between pediatric epilepsy and controls on genotype frequency of BDNF-270C/T (X2 =7.08,P =0.03 ).The CC genotype was positively associated with pediatric epilepsy (OR =3.91,95％CI =1.26 ～ 12.14).No differences in genotype or allele frequencies of the other polymorphisms were found between patients and controls.The frequencies of haplotypes did not show significant differences between patients and controls.Conclusion These findings support the hypothesis that BDNF-270C/T polymorphism may contribute to the risk of developing pediatric epilepsy.
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La Liga Chilena contra la Epilepsia, Chilean Bureau (LICHE), la Sociedad de Psiquiatra y Neurología de la Infancia y Adolescencia (SOP-NIA) y la Sociedad de EpileptologIa de Chile, Chilean ILAE Chapter, (SOCEPCHI), deciden unir sus esfuerzos para realizar un consenso de uso de fármacos antiepilépticos (FAE) en 14 síndromes electro-clínicos específicos, 3 tipos de Status epilepticus (parcial, de ausencias y tónico clónico generalizado) y epilepsia parcial de origen no precisado. Previo al consenso, los organizadores se plantean realizar una encuesta que aporte a responder algunas preguntas: ¿Qué grado de uniformidad existe entre los neuropediatras chilenos en cuanto a la elección de tratamiento farmacológico en cada uno de los síndromes epilépticos y otras epilepsias planteadas? El contexto público o privado donde se realiza la práctica profesional (que determina menores o mayores recursos económicos) influye en la elección de los FAEs? ¿Sería útil esta información, para las conclusiones de un futuro consenso de uso de FAEs?. Material y método: Se proyecta un estudio descriptivo a través de la elaboración de una encuesta que incluye: Un caso clínico para cada uno de los síndromes electro-clínicos y otras epilepsias elegidas, una lista de FAEs con su sigla correspondiente. Se envía la encuesta por correo electrónico, a 46 neuropediatras del servicio público y privado simultáneamente. Después de tres semanas de plazo, se reciben 37 encuestas que se analizan en forma anónima y manteniendo la privacidad del encuestado. Resultados: Se describe el tratamiento propuesto por 37 neurólogos para cada uno de los 14 cuadros presentados. No existe coincidencia clara entre los 37 neuropediatras chilenos en cuanto a la elección de tratamiento farmacológico en la mayoría de los casos planteados. En algunos síndromes, como Epilepsia de Ausencias de la Niñez se observa más de un 90 por ciento de acuerdo en el uso del mismo FAE, en cambio en otros, especialmente en síndrome y...
The Liga Chilena contra la Epilepsia (LICHE), !LAE Chilean Bureau, the Sociedad de Psiquiatría y Neurología de la Infancia y Adolescencia (SOPNIA) and the Sociedad de Epileptologia de Chile (SOCEPCHI), ILAE Chilean Chapter, decided to join efforts in developing a Consensus on antiepileptic drugs (AED5) treatment options in 14 specific electro-clinical syndromes, three types of status epilepticus (partial, absence and generalized tonic clonic). Attending to routine clinical management, partial epilepsy of unknown origin was added. Prior to the implementation of this consensus, the organizers decide to carry on a survey intending to answer the following questions: What degree of consensus exists between the chilean child neurologists as to the choice of drug therapy in epilepsies and epileptic syndromes? Does the public or private context in which the professional practice takes place influence the choice of AEDs? Will this information be a useful tool in the development of a consensus for the use of AEDs?. Methods: A descriptive study based on a survey including a typical clinical case for each of the 14 electra clinical syndromes and other epilepsies selected and a list of AEDs drugs with standard abbreviation was sent by electronic mail to 46 child neurologists living from Arica to Punta Arenas, six of them work exclusively in private hospitals, six work exclusively in public service and 24 in both simultaneously. After three weeks, 37 surveys were answered and analyzed anonymously, maintaining the privacy of the respondent. Results: We describe for each of the 14 cases the proposed drug treatment by 37 neurologists. There is no clear coincidence between the chilean child neurologists as to the choice of drug therapy in most of the epilepsies and epileptic syndromes raised. In some syndromes, as childhood absence epilepsy the agreement was over 90 percent, whereas in other less common and more difficult to manage syndromes, a wide dispersion was...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Child , Anticonvulsants/therapeutic use , Consensus , Data Collection , Epilepsy/drug therapy , ChileABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Pediatric epilepsy can result in a heavy burden of illness for the family and the role of family caregivers is becoming more important for the management of the disease. However, there are only few studies about care-giver burden of pediatric epilepsy. This study examined the factors which may influence care-giver burden of pediatric epilepsy patients METHODS: We surveyed 87 care-givers of pediatric epilepsy patients. The demographic and social data of the care-givers, along with the social and clinical data of the patients were obtained. The Korean version of the Burden Interview (KBI) and the Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory (KBDI) were used. The relationship between the demographic and social data of care-givers, the clinical factors of the patients and KBI score were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 87 participants, sixty-nine (79.3%) were the mothers. The mean age of caregivers was 41.3 years and the mean score on the KBI was 20.2 (+/-16.8) points. The mean age of the patients was 11.1 years and 48 patients (55.8%) were male. The number of antiepileptic drugs prescribed, severity of the disease and school record had a significant correlation with KBI in a multivariate linear regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that in addition to the strict control of the seizure, that the consideration for the academic functions of pediatric patients is also important for reducing care-giver burden in the treatment of pediatric epilepsy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Anticonvulsants , Caregivers , Cost of Illness , Depression , Epilepsy , Linear Models , Mothers , SeizuresABSTRACT
PURPOSE:Despite the worldwide interests in the quality of life issues in children with epilepsy, only few studies have been conducted in Korea yet. This study is aimed to analyze clinical factors related with the issues of life in children with epilepsy. METHODS:A total of 158 children(79 patients/79 control) were involved in the study from the Department of Pediatrics at Asan Medical Center and 79 normal children who completed the Korean Child Behavior Checklist(K-CBCL). We used the Korean version of the Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire(K-QOLCE) to evaluate the quality of life. The differences of the quality of life between the patients and the controls were compared and the influencing factors were evaluated. RESULTS:The scores of physical functions, well-being, cognition, social functions, behaviors, general health, and quality of life were lower in the patients than in the controls. We found higher scores of quality of life in the patients with epilepsy who were younger when diagnosed, had shorter disease period, took fewer drugs, and took drugs for a shorter time(P<0.05). Higher scores of physical restriction(P=0.017), self-esteem(P=0.006), cognition(P=0.02), and behaviors(P=0.019) were noted for the patients with partial seizures, compared to those with generalized seizures. CONCLUSION:We found that the quality of life in the pediatric epilepsy patients was lower than that of normal children and various factors associated with the treatment of epilepsy influenced the quality of life. The information obtained from this study will help us offer better epilepsy management.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Child Behavior , Cognition , Epilepsy , Korea , Pediatrics , Quality of Life , SeizuresABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This study is designed to investigate whether early surgery can result in a better outcome for seizure control and brain development in pediatric patients with intractable epilepsy. METHODS: Preoperative evaluation methods for surgery included history taking, neurological examination, chronic video-EEG monitoring with surface and subdural grid electrodes, magnetic resonance image(MRI), 3-dimensional surface rendering with MRI, PET and SPECT. The Denver Developmental Screening Test II, and the Full Scale Intelligence Quotient(FSIQ) were evaluated for developmental status before and after surgery. Seizure outcome was classified according to Engel's classification. Surgical procedures included temporal lobectomy in four subjects, extratemporal resection in 14, callosotomy in one and tumor removal in one. RESULTS: Seizure outcomes were class I in 11 patients(55%), class II in three(15%), class III in 4(20%) and class IV in two(10%). Under the age of 6 years, the preoperative average developmental delay was 12.4 months. Postoperatively, two of them caught up to their normal developmental status. Over the age of 6 years, the preoperative average FSIQ was 87.5 and the postoperative average FSIQ was 103.3. CONCLUSION: In pediatric patients with intractable epilepsy, the early surgical treatment is very helpful in the normalization of their brain function.